Consider a repairable system which starts operating at t=0. Once the system fails, it is immediately replaced by another one of the same type or it is repaired and back to its working functions. In this paper, the system's activity is studied from t>0 for a fixed period of time w. Different replacement policies are considered. In each cases, for a fixed period of time w, the probability model and likelihood function of repair Process, say window censored, are obtained. The obtained results depend on the lifetime distribution of the original system, so, expression for the maximum likelihood estimator and Fisher information are derived, by assuming the lifetime follows an exponential distribution.

How to profoundly change the beliefs of the polytheists during the age of revelation from the denial of the Prophet (pbuh) to the certainty of his Message and the acceptance of his full guardianship is a question worthy of attention. The order of verses about prophecy based on the order of revelation is the reason to lead a transformative Process and a special Quranic method in institutionalizing the belief of prophecy in the lives of Arabs. In the first stage, the Holy Quran in the first Makkī (Arabic: المکّیّ, suras revealed in Mecca) chapters has prepared the community from the motivational side to accept the truth of the Prophet’s (pbuh) prophecy and briefly stating the key issues surrounding it. The Holy Book of Quran at the time of the emergence of oppositions and doubts (the second stage) destroyed the arguments of the polytheists and explained the prophecy and proved its authenticity from a cognitive perspective in the second stage by presenting clear arguments. and the Holy Book of Quran in the third stage after Madanī (Arabic: المدنیّ, suras revealed in Medina) period has undertaken measures in order to fulfill the goals of the Massage by explaining the true position of the Prophet (pbuh) to deepen and operationalize the Prophetic belief through explaining practical duties for the Prophet (pbuh) and behavior based on the acceptance of Walaya (Arabic: ولایة, meaning “guardianship” or “governance”).

In hydromechanical deep drawing Process, the traditional matrix is replaced by pressurized fluid, and the final shape is determined based on the shape of a rigid punch. It is necessary to change the fluid pressure within the allowed working zone during the Process to prevent the workpiece from rupturing and wrinkling. Working zone curve represents the range of maximum available drawing ratios without rupture under the highest chamber pressure. In this paper, hydromechanical deep drawing of square cups made of aluminum-steel double layer sheets are studied by experiments and finite element simulations. In order to detect the rupture onset in simulations, experimental forming limit diagrams were obtained using aluminum/steel double layer sheet. Experimental data were used to validate the finite element model. The effects of Process parameters such as thickness of the various layers, prebulge pressure, chamber pressure and the friction coefficient were investigated on the working zone and the Process window. The numerical results show that an optimum amount for the drawing ratio exists for each prebulge pressure. Also, with increasing the chamber pressure, shrinkage is reduced on the flange area. By increasing the friction between the sheet and matrix or the sheet and blank-holder, working zone becomes smaller; while with increasing the friction between the sheet and the punch it becomes larger. Experiments were performed for different drawing ratios to evaluate the numerical results and good agreement was observed.

Considering globalization and very intense competition between the main ports of the world, this paper tries to assess re-engineering Processes using new servicing techniques in some of the most important regional and international ports. Today, traditional practices are considered as barriers to growth and expansion of the ports. High speed transportation and cargo handling requires new strategies and technologies. Regarding the intense competition to attract the customers, it is very necessary for Iranian ports to offer new services that satisfy customers. Using Information Technology (IT) and being adherence to international organizations like UN/CEFACT (United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business) are some of these practices. Many ports have boomed with increasing global trade and therefore have faced new opportunities. Single window is one of the technologies that ports use to handle the high volume of goods and cargoes.

Incremental forming is considered as one of the rapid prototyping methods and has a high degree of flexibility and cost-effectiveness at low production volume. Meanwhile, the lack of technical knowledge has challenged the use of this method in the industry. One of the things that can help the actual usage of this Process is the suitable Process window; a window used to determine maximum tearing depth of the sheet with respect to the material, thickness and wall angle. In this study, firstly, the formability of low-carbon steel sheet, St12, with the thicknesses of 1. 25 and 1. 50 mm in single point incremental forming of a truncated pyramid with different constant wall angles has been investigated experimentally. Then, it is compared with the formability of the truncated pyramid with variable wall angles under two different wall geometries. Based on the experimental results, the Process windows are presented in terms of the maximum depth and wall angle and compared to each other under different circumstances. The results showed that the critical wall angle for St12 sheet in incremental forming of a truncated pyramid with a fixed wall angle differs from the pyramid with variable wall angle, but doesn’ t depend on the size of the pyramid base. The critical wall angle for the fixed and variable wall angle pyramids was obtained 67⁰ and 75⁰ , respectively. For a pyramid with a fixed wall angle, the thickness distribution of the wall is almost constant, while for a pyramid with a variable wall, it varies along the path.

Close encounters with the Western culture and art starts under the Qajar rule. In this period, art elements of the West find their way in the Persian art and architecture. This paper reports the results of a survey of window-guards extant form the Qajar period in Hamadan City. Of an initial sample of 68 windows, 26 samples were selected for not being a repetition of other designs. These show a gradual evolution in technique and style of using wrought iron in four phases.In the first phase, a pattern formed with S-shaped elements covers the rectangular area of a window, while the semicircular area under the spanning arch is usually blocked. In the second phase, by modifying the ‘S’ element, all the window area is covered. In the third phase, the S element is further modified, its tips become convoluted and its proportions are freely changed to fill rectangular areas. In the fourth phase, the window-guard is treated as a decorative architectural element. Therefore, in addition to the S element, other decorative spiral elements are used.